"Only the Wildest and Craziest": Kuryokhin's Neo-Avant-Garde on the Russian Radio
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...jazz musicians, or avant-gardists.
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I'd like to think
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that our program
is very avant-garde and cool.
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I would even call it radical.
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Our program is dedicated to
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the most unbelievably radical music
of all times and all peoples.
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We go from the early Medieval period
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right up to post-post-post punk
and post-industrial
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mixed with thrash,
heavy, and death metal.
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Basically, we'll take
any facet of musical life
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from any age or nation...
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As long as it was
radical in its time.
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It would be just as appropriate
to listen to the Sex Pistols,
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who were radicals in their time,
as it would be to listen to Bach,
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- who was also...
- Bach?
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- Bach?
- He was also extremely radical in his time.
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Plus, we will be hosting
a whole variety of guests.
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These will be famous pioneers
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and people who can
tell us extraordinary things.
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People who have
made their mark on music,
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- both in Russia and globally.
- Of course, and we'll also bring
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new names to the fore.
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That is, people who for whatever reason
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sit undeservedly in the shadows,
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having been major pioneers
and innovators in their time.
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People who for some
ideological or commercial reason
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have been relegated to the bottom shelf,
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and whose creations
are unavailable to today's listener.
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Right, that's the introduction over.
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Let's get into our first
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avant-garde, alternative, radical piece.
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I disagree with that characterization.
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What does "alternative" mean?
I just don't get it.
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It must be alternative to something.
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- Yes...
- But we have no alternative.
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What we're going to listen to
is very traditional.
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It's very traditional, elegant,
beautiful, and sad.
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And I would say
that's what makes it radical.
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Actually, all music is radical,
as we were just saying.
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You have to understand it
in the context in which it is situated.
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That's the starting point
for identifying what's radical.
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Fine, but why can one piece of music
not be alternative to another?
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I mean, this piece,
the first number on this record,
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might be alternative
to to our next one.
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Yes, within the context of the program.
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I don't dispute the context.
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Looking at the name,
this is the piece that...
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We actually played two pieces
that ran into each other.
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The second piece is simply called
About the Professor.
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Speaking of professors,
our listeners will remember
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that I promised them a guest last time.
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And a guest they shall have!
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We had to work very hard
to get this man into the studio
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because he's been hidden away
for practically the last 20 years.
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He's a fantastic musician,
one of the greats.
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He was a cult figure in 1950s Leningrad,
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a legend on the
experimental music scene.
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In recent years,
he's been almost invisible.
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He has long since
changed his profession.
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He's a well-known doctor,
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though he's getting on a bit these days.
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Please welcome
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that infamous cult musician of the '50s,
Vladimir Olegovich Volkov.
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To his friends and those who love him,
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he is simply "Professor Volkov".
Hello, Vladimir Olegovich.
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Good evening, Seryozha and Sasha.
I'm so grateful for the invitation.
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It wasn't easy deciding
whether or not to join you on air.
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I don't expect to be asked
to speak on the radio these days.
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And of course, back in our day,
there weren't programs like this one.
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They didn't broadcast
radical, avant-garde music back then.
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Vladimir Olegovich,
bear with us a moment.
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I'm going to get into
a bit of theory, I'm afraid.
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Our listeners will forgive me.
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It seems to me that art,
and music in particular,
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can only exist
as a real, living organism.
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It has three essential elements:
the traditional,
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the mainstream in the center,
and the avant-garde.
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When one of these components is missing,
especially in music,
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the result is flawed.
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Right now,
all we have is the mainstream.
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Our entire pop scene is...
We have no avant-garde at all.
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Avant-garde isn't commercially viable.
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Those who experimented in the past
are no longer able to,
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because life is so hard
that people are totally taken up by it.
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There's no room for experimentation,
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and no real tradition of it either.
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Except for Theremin, the brilliant
acoustic engineer who invented
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an ingenious instrument,
the Thereminvox, in the '20s.
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On the whole, we have no tradition
of genuine experimentation
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as has always existed in the West,
where all the radical thinkers
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have that strong European tradition
of the avant-garde.
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That's why there are so few people
who have done things
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that were truly unusual,
strange, wild,
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or even unthinkable at the time.
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And that's why it's so important
that we have people with us
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who can tell us about those times,
what life was like, how it all happened.
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I think this is just fascinating.
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If I may, I just want to add that
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I'm particularly interested to hear
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how it all came about in what
seems like the distant past to us now.
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- At least, to me as...
- You weren't even born yet.
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- Right.
- And I was a kid.
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I mean, as a representative
of the younger generation.
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I should also say that Vladimir Volkov
started out as a jazz guitarist.
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He played with several
pop-symphony ensembles of the time.
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Notably, he did a long stint
with Alexander Tsfasman's orchestra.
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He worked briefly with Utyosov.
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Later, he played with
a number of collectives
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while continuing to experiment.
And these experiments...
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But that's enough from me.
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Seryozha, you're absolutely right.
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There's no avant-garde
without tradition.
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It's like trying
to produce an abstract painting
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having never been to art school.
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It's dilettantism,
or opportunism, I would say.
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The point is, there is tradition
in the Russian avant-garde,
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in both the Soviet
and contemporary avant-garde.
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You just mentioned several
famous musicians and conductors
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who were traditionally radicals.
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I would say Utyosov was
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emotionally radical.
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And Tsfasman was intellectually radical.
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You may not have heard of
the Pokrass brothers...
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Of course, we have.
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They had a wonderful jazz orchestra,
and were radicals of the heroic genre.
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Remember the song?
"We're the red cavaliers..."
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- Of course.
- There you go.
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Believe it or not,
these traditions fed into
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the subsequent timid development
of the musical avant-garde in Russia.
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Vladimir Olegovich, could you tell us
briefly what made you do it?
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You were a famous musician,
in wonderful orchestras.
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So, what made you...
My older friends have told me that
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you were the first
to scrape a guitar in concert.
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And there's a story
about how you gave a concert
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during the war
in a trench with Clavdiya Shulzhenko.
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You played a 25-minute solo
full of crazy twanging,
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squealing, grinding, the lot.
Is this true, or is it a myth?
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It's partly true.
Clavdiya and I parted ways after that
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because she didn't like that solo,
and I took offense.
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I actually started experimenting
completely by accident.
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The war was over
and we were celebrating Victory Day.
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I was in a bombed out
building in Berlin.
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And I came across...
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several records
and some random magazines.
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Music magazines, in German.
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That's how I first learned
there was this other music,
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Western avant-garde music.
This was the time, you remember...
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Of course, you don't remember.
It was the time of
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- the Iron Curtain.
- I lived a bit under the Iron Curtain.
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- It wasn't so bad by then.
- I caught the very end of it.
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Anyhow, those recordings, those LPs,
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are what got me searching.
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- Also...
- What was on those records?
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- That famous guitarist, Speedy West.
- He's very famous.
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- Got going in the '40s, I know the guy.
- Yes, so...
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I tried experimenting with steel guitar,
but we had no steel guitars back then.
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It was funny, actually.
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We held the body of the guitar
to a table...
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- You used a gas mask?
- No, we held the body down,
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my bandmate shook the neck,
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and we got a sound
that was a bit like a steel guitar.
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- Sounds mental.
- In fact, I think that
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for the younger generation
who make up most of our listeners
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this will be fascinating,
because this is where
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our Russian avant-garde begins.
It all starts here.
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These are its roots.
In the first episode of what turned out to be his last project, Sergei Kuryokhin explained that “dogs” was the derogatory term jazz musicians used to dismiss avant-garde performers. This is why, Kuryokhin continues, he and his co-host Aleksandr Ustinov have decided to name their new radio show, broadcasted on Radio-1 Petrograd, “Your Favorite Dog [Vasha liubimaia sobaka]”—because “we wanted our show to be very avant-garde, even extremist.”
After his adventures in television and politics in the early to mid-1990s, Kuryokhin returned to music, articulating a definition of musical avant-garde or “extremism” that helps clarify his scandalous political and media performances. The music selected for the show, he explains, is supposed to be “the most extremist” and “the most avant-garde” of its time, but depending on context, that could mean the Sex Pistols or Bach—whose works sounded absolutely shocking to their respective contemporaries.
This definition aligns Kuryokhin’s conceptions of art and politics with those of Russian Formalist critics like Viktor Shklovsky (1893-1984) and Yuri Tynyanov (1894-1943). These thinkers understood the evolution of the literary-artistic-political sphere as based on a continuous dialectic between tradition and avant-garde, where the one cannot exist without the other (Kuryokhin augmented this duo with a third tendency—“the mainstream”). In this context, Kuryokhin is consistently interested in the most shocking and revolutionary genres, which are meant to “defamiliarize” (Shklovsky) and, therefore, revitalize worn-out artistic and political strategies and devices.
In the course of his radio show, Kuryokhin describes his favorite music—from industrial, post-industrial, and Japanese “noise terrorism” (shumovoi terror), to English dark folk, Tibetan chants, and klezmer—by reiterating, almost as a comical refrain, a group of adjectives conveying the highest possible degree of insanity (ogoltelyi), chaos (oshalevshii), wildness (dikii) and even stupidity (otupevshii). As part of this search for novelty, Kuryokhin repeatedly changed the name of the short-lived program, because he thought “it would be boring” for a show to always retain the same name. The program first became Nasha malenkaia rybka (Our little fish), and, later, Russkii liudoed (The Russian cannibal). The second of these names referred to National Bolshevik retro-futurist surreal artist and noise music pioneer Aleksandr Lebedev-Frontov (1960-2022), around whom Kuryokhin created a whole mythology. Supposedly, nobody had seen him, but rumors described him as very old, covered in scars, and prone to throwing hot mushroom soup at his fans.
Kuryokhin evidently conceived his radio show as an attempt to create an avant-garde, “extremist” tradition. Alongside mythologized figures like Lebedev-Frontov, the program’s guests included underground artists Dmitry Prigov (1940-2007) and Sergey “Afrika” Bugaev (1966), as well as Alexander Dugin. In the episode featured here, the tradition in question is—in typical Kuryokhin style—totally invented. The episode’s guest was the fictional “Professor Vladimir Olegovich Volkov,” played by Kuryohkin’s close friend. The “Professor” allegedly played 25-minute cacophonic solos and deafening noise music while simultaneously performing with patriotic, mainstream Soviet-era artists like Leonid Utesov (1895-1982) and Klavdiya Shulzhenko (1906-1984) back in the 1950s and 1960s. Equally invented was the “forgotten” tradition of Soviet experimental music that Kuryokhin claims “Volkov” represented. As in his “Lenin-mushroom” prank, Kuryokhin reveals the ideological, or performative underpinnings of tradition itself while paradoxically highlighting the importance of creativity in the shaping of identity and collective memory.